吳庭瑋

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adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene
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familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
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cadherin 1 (CDH1) or alpha-1 catenin (CTNNA1) genes
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families occurs in approximately 10 percent of cases
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Cooked vegetables do not show the same protective effect as uncooked vegetables
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reproductive hormones may have a protective role in gastric cancer risk in females
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Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been inversely associated with the risk of distal gastric adenocarcinoma
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The Billroth II procedure (gastrojejunostomy) carries a higher risk than the Billroth I procedure (gastroduodenostomy)
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A consistent association between alcohol consumption and the risk of gastric cancer has not been demonstrated
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EBV-associated gastric cancers have distinct clinicopathologic characteristics, including male predominance, preferential location in the gastric cardia or postsurgical gastric stump, lymphocytic infiltration, a lower frequency of lymph node metastasis, perhaps a more favorable prognosis
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation
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In addition, a synergistic interaction between H. pylori infection and salted food intake that increases the risk of gastric cancer has also been reported in some
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1.53-fold and was higher in males
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defined as a body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2
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30 g of processed meat per day (approximately one-half of an average serving) was 1.15 (95% CI 1.04-1.27)
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The declining incidence of gastric cancer worldwide over the last 50 years has been attributed, at least in part, to the spread of refrigeration
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Salt and salted/salty foods are classified as probable risk factors for gastric cancer
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Large ulcers are often associated with fibrosis, which adversely affects ulcer healing
Refractory peptic ulcer disease - UpToDate
present in 40 percent of those with nonhealing ulcers
Refractory peptic ulcer disease - UpToDate
5 to 10 percent of ulcers are refractory to 12 weeks of antisecretory therapy with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
Refractory peptic ulcer disease - UpToDate
not heal after 8 to 12 weeks of treatment with a proton pump inhibitor
Refractory peptic ulcer disease - UpToDate
ulcer greater than 5 mm
Refractory peptic ulcer disease - UpToDate
The majority of bleeds observed originated from the IMA (n = 58; 52.7%) closely followed by the SMA (n = 46; 41.8%) with a small percentage from a combination of the IMA and SMA (n = 4; 3.6%) and internal iliac arteries (n = 2; 1.8%
Analysis of time delay between computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography on the technical success of interventional embolisation for treatment of lower gastrointestinal bleeding - Bruce - 2020 - Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences - Wiley Online Library
venous sources that are attributed to bleeding haemorrhoids involving the internal or external rectal venous plexus
Analysis of time delay between computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography on the technical success of interventional embolisation for treatment of lower gastrointestinal bleeding - Bruce - 2020 - Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences - Wiley Online Library
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is defined as bleeding that occurs distal to the ligament of Treitz and can originate arterially from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) or internal iliac arteries
Analysis of time delay between computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography on the technical success of interventional embolisation for treatment of lower gastrointestinal bleeding - Bruce - 2020 - Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences - Wiley Online Library
They are usually an incidental finding, but they rarely cause acute or massive UGIB. They may also cause chronic bleeding leading to iron deficiency anemia
Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
The only mechanical technique considered to be highly effective for treating gastric varices is injection with some form of cyanoacrylate (glue).
Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
TIPS and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) techniques may also be effective in some patients
Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
Patients who develop bleeding while being treated with a beta blocker have a poor prognosis
Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
variceal hemorrhage occurs at an annual rate of 5 to 15 percent
Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
the source of bleeding cannot be identified in 10 to 15 percent of patients with UGIB, probably because the culprit lesion is either difficult to identify (such as a Dieulafoy's lesion), obscured by retained blood clot at endoscopy, or because the culprit lesion healed by the time endoscopy was performed.
Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
The hospitalization rate for UGIB is estimated to be sixfold higher than for lower GI bleeding
Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
If a patient is taking antiplatelet monotherapy such as aspirin for secondary cardiovascular prevention (prior acute coronary syndrome, coronary artery stent), the agent may be continued
Approach to acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
The routine use of nasogastric tube (NGT) placement in patients with suspected acute upper GI bleeding is not recommended
Approach to acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
The hemoglobin level should initially be monitored every two to twelve hours.
Approach to acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
The presence of abdominal pain, especially if severe and associated with rebound tenderness or involuntary guarding, raises concern for perforation. If any signs of an acute abdomen are present, further evaluation to exclude a perforation is required prior to endoscopy
Approach to acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
up to 60 percent of patients with a history of an upper GI bleed are bleeding from the same lesion
Approach to acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
It takes at least 14 hours for bleeding to manifest as melena, and melena may persist for up to five days after bleeding has stopped
Approach to acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
a ratio of blood urea nitrogen to serum creatinine greater than 30 (LR 7.5)
Approach to acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults - UpToDate
early satiety, postprandial fullness, and epigastric pain or burning are the predominant symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia and, in contrast, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss are the predominant symptoms in patients with gastroparesis.
Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis - UpToDate
Gastrointestinal complications of diabetes typically occur in patients who have had the disorder for more than five years.
Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis - UpToDate
type 1 DM and type 2 DM was estimated to be 5.2 and 1 percent
Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis - UpToDate
Overall survival was significantly lower in patients with diabetes and in those with gastroparesis than for the age- and sex-matched general population
Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis - UpToDate
The age-adjusted prevalence of definite gastroparesis (based on symptoms and delayed gastric emptying measured by scintigraphy) was 9.6 per 100,000 persons for men and 38 per 100,000 persons for women.
Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis - UpToDate
syndrome of objectively delayed gastric emptying of solids in the absence of a mechanical obstruction and cardinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting, early satiety, belching, bloating, and/or upper abdominal pain
Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis - UpToDate
50 to 65 percent of patients with diabetes and upper abdominal symptoms had delayed gastric emptying
Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis - UpToDate
one-half of patients with delayed gastric emptying
Gastroparesis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis - UpToDate
Air has low conductivity and causes an increase in impedance, whereas swallowed or refluxed material has a high conductivity and causes a decrease in impedance
How to Interpret Esophageal Impedance pH Monitoring - PMC
not at the luminal surface
Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease - UpToDate
the "burn" hypothesis
Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease - UpToDate