Interpreting the Results of Intention-to-Treat, Per-Protocol, and As-Treated Analyses of Clinical Trials - PMC

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Nonadh

. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 3. Published in final edited form as: JAMA. 2021 Aug 3;326(5):433–434. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.2825 Nonadherence in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) occurs when study participants do not follow the randomly assigned treatment protocol. Reasons for nonadherence may include the study participant not taking trial medications, crossing over to the other intervention being studied, or accessing treatment outside of the trial. Nonadherence also may occur when the clinician is unable to complete the assigned therapy (eg, a surgical procedure) as…

related reading

• Critical review of sham surgery clinical trials: Confounding factors analysis - PMCncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• Therapy for acute basilar artery occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysisncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• Integrated information theory (IIT) 4.0: Formulating the properties of phenomenal existence in physical terms - PMCncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• Quantifying the effect of experimental perturbations at single-cell resolutionnature.com
• Non‐pharmacological interventions for managing dental anxiety in children - PMCpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• Physicians Answer More Clinical Questions and Change Clinical Decisions More Often With Synthesized Evidence: A Randomized Trial in Primary Care - PMCncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• Analysis of Observational Self-matched Data to Examine Acute Triggers of Outcome Events with Abrupt Onset - PMCncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• Toward more rigorous and informative nutritional epidemiology: the rational space between dismissal and defense of the status quopmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• Influence of learning styles on student performance in self-instructional courses - PMCncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• Safety and efficacy of multiband mucosectomy for Barrett’s esophagus: a systematic review with pooled analysis - PMCncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• 10 Complex Diff-in-Diff Designs – Causal Inference<br/>*The Remix*mixtape.scunning.com
• RNA Interference–Based Therapy and Its Delivery Systemsncbi.nlm.nih.gov