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Management of antiphospholipid syndrome - UpToDate

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INTRODUCTION Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by venous or arterial thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) that persist over time. APS can occur as a primary condition, or it can occur in the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or another systemic autoimmune disease. This topic reviews major management decisions in APS, including choice of anticoagulant, duration of anticoagulation, and other treatment considerations. Separate topic reviews discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of APS, as well as the management of APS during pregnancy and the diagnosis and management of catastrophic APS (CAPS): ● Pathogenesis (see "Pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome") ● Clinical manifestations (see "Clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome") ● Diagnosis (see "Diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome") ● Effects on the kidney (see "Antiphospholipid synd

Antiphospholipid syndrome: Management Authors:Doruk Erkan, MD, MPHThomas L Ortel, MD, PhD Section Editor:David S Pisetsky, MD, PhD Deputy Editors:Siobhan M Case, MD, MHSJennifer S Tirnauer, MD Literature review current through: Aug 2026. This topic last updated: Jun 17, 2025. INTRODUCTION Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by venous or arterial thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) that persist over time. APS can occur as a primary condition, or it can occur in the presence of systemic lupus…

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