Epigenetic reprogramming of cell identity: lessons from development for regenerative medicine | Clinical Epigenetics | Full Text
Epigenetic mechanisms are known to define cell-type identity and function. Hence, reprogramming of one cell type into another essentially requires a rewiring of the underlying epigenome. Cellular reprogramming can convert somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that can be directed to differentiate to specific cell types. Trans-differentiation or direct reprogramming, on the other hand, involves the direct conversion of one cell type into another. In this review, we highlight how gene regulatory mechanisms identified to be critical for developmental processes were successfully used for cellular reprogramming of various cell types. We also discuss how the therapeutic use of the reprogrammed cells is beginning to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine particularly in the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue and organs arising from pathological conditions or accidents. Lastly, we highlight some key challenges hindering the application of cellular reprogramming for therapeutic purposes.
Waddington CH, Kacser H. The strategy of the genes: a discussion of some aspects of theoretical biology: Allen & Unwin; 1957. Jaenisch R, Bird A. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals. Nat Genet. 2003;33(Suppl):245–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1089. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Li E. Chromatin modification and epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian development. Nat Rev Genet. 2002;3:662–73. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg887. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Gibney ER, Nolan CM. Epigenetics and gene expression.…
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