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Spoiler effect - Wikipedia

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In social choice theory and politics, a spoiler is a losing candidate who affects the results of an election simply by participating,[1][2] a situation that is called a spoiler effect. If a major candidate is perceived to have lost an election because of a minor candidate, the minor candidate is called a spoiler candidate and the major candidate is said to have been spoiled. Often times the term spoiler will be applied to candidates or situations which do not meet the full definition, typically in real-world scenarios where the introduction of a new candidate can cause voters to change their opinions, either through their campaign or merely by existing. A voting system that is not affected by spoilers is called independent of irrelevant alternatives or spoilerproof.[3] The frequency and severity of spoiler effects depends substantially on the voting method. Instant-runoff or ranked-choice voting (RCV), the two-round system (TRS), and especially first-past-the-post (FPP) without winnowi

Spoiler effect - Wikipedia Jump to content From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Election result affecting losing candidate For the same effect in sports, see Elimination from postseason contention § Spoiler effect . "Independence of spoilers" redirects here. For the logical property in decision theory, see Independence of irrelevant alternatives . A joint Politics and Economics series Social choice and electoral systems Social choice Mechanism design Comparative politics Comparison List ( By country ) Single-winner methods Single vote – plurality methods First preference plurality (FPP) Two-r

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