Causes of hypotonic hyponatremia in adults - UpToDate

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Causes of hypotonic hyponatremia in adults INTRODUCTION The serum tonicity is defined as the osmolar concentration of solutes that do not readily cross the cell membrane (effective osmoles). These solutes are primarily sodium salts in the extracellular space. As a result, the plasma or serum sodium concentration is used as a surrogate for assessing tonicity of the extracellular fluid. Hyponatremia is commonly defined as a serum sodium concentration below 135 mEq/L, but the definition can vary to a small degree in different clinical laboratories [1,2]. Most patients with hyponatremia have…

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