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Measures of oxygenation and mechanisms of hypoxemia - UpToDate

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Understanding the mechanisms of hypoxemia is critical for evaluating patients with hypoxemia. Identifying the main contributing mechanism to hypoxemia helps narrow the differential so that investigations and therapy are appropriately targeted. In this topic review, measures of oxygenation and mechanisms of hypoxemia are discussed. Oxygen delivery and consumption and management of acute hypoxemia are discussed separately. (See "Oxygen delivery and consumption" and "Evaluation and management of the nonventilated, hospitalized adult patient with acute hypoxemia".) TERMINOLOGY The process of taking oxygen from the inspired air and using it to sustain aerobic cellular metabolism throughout the body involves the following: ● Oxygenation ● Oxygen delivery ● Oxygen consumption Low levels of oxygen in the blood can result in hypoxemia or hypoxia. Oxygenation — Oxygenation is the process of oxygen diffusing passively from the alveolus to the pulmonary capillary, where it mostly binds to hemoglob

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