Evaluation and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in adults - UpToDate

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Evaluation and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in adults INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. MS is characterized pathologically by multifocal areas of demyelination, accompanied by oligodendrocyte loss and astroglial scarring. Axonal injury is also a prominent pathologic feature, especially in the later stages. Certain clinical features are typical of MS, but the disease has a highly variable pace and many atypical forms. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of MS are reviewed here.…

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