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Closed-loop neuromodulation in an individual with treatment-resistant depression | Nature Medicine

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This case report describes a biomarker-driven closed-loop therapy for depression using implanted electrodes to continually sense brain activity and automatically trigger direct brain electrical stimulation in high-depression states.

Subjects Depression Limbic system Predictive markers Abstract Deep brain stimulation is a promising treatment for neuropsychiatric conditions such as major depression. It could be optimized by identifying neural biomarkers that trigger therapy selectively when symptom severity is elevated. We developed an approach that first used multi-day intracranial electrophysiology and focal electrical stimulation to identify a personalized symptom-specific biomarker and a treatment location where stimulation improved symptoms. We then implanted a chronic deep brain sensing and stimulation device and impl

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