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GRADE handbook

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Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach. Updated October 2013. Editors: Holger Schünemann (schuneh@mcmaster.ca), Jan Brożek (brozekj@mcmaster.ca), Gordon Guyatt (guyatt@mcmaster.ca), and Andrew Oxman (oxman@online.no) 1. Overview of the GRADE Approach 1.1 Purpose and advantages of the GRADE approach 1.2 Separation of confidence in effect estimates from strength of recommendations 1.3 Special challenges in applying the the GRADE approach 1.4 Modifications to the GRADE approach 2. Framing the health care question 2.1 Defining the patient population and intervention 2.2 Dealing with multiple comparators 2.3 Other considerations 2.4 Format of health care questions using the GRADE approach 3. Selecting and rating the importance of outcomes 3.1 Steps for considering the relative importance of outcomes 3.2 Influence of perspective 3.3 Using evidence in rating the importance of outcomes 3.4 Surrogate (substitute) outcomes 4. Sum

GRADE handbook GRADE Handbook Introduction to GRADE Handbook Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach. Updated October 2013. Editors: Holger Schünemann ( schuneh@mcmaster.ca ), Jan Brożek ( brozekj@mcmaster.ca ), Gordon Guyatt ( guyatt@mcmaster.ca ), and Andrew Oxman ( oxman@online.no ) 1. Overview of the GRADE Approach 1.1 Purpose and advantages of the GRADE approach 1.2 Separation of confidence in effect estimates from strength of recommendations 1.3 Special challenges in applying the the GRADE approach 1.4 Modifications to the

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