State of Brain Emulation Report 2025 | Research Overview

Comprehensive research report on whole brain emulation: 20 years of progress in neural recording, connectomics, and computational neuroscience.

State of Brain Emulation Report 2025 | Research Overview Skip to main content Key Findings Data is the bottleneck, not hardware or algorithms The main barrier to better brain emulation models is more and higher-quality experimental data. No organism's full brain has been recorded at single-neuron resolution. Small-organism brain emulation is within reach For organisms under 1 million neurons - fruit flies, small fish, bees - capturing all aspects of the brain faithfully is increasingly plausible, potentially within the decade, at a cost in the low $100Ms. Scale is an enormous challenge A mouse

saved by

• Yudhister Joel Kumar
• Charlie Wang
• Agape Keleta

related reading

• The Future of the Brain, past and presentneuroai.science
• Building Brains on a Computerpress.asimov.com
• [1306.5709] Physical Principles for Scalable Neural Recordingarxiv.org
• Ultrasound imaging of the brain — Alephalephneuro.com
• The Future of Whole Brain Emulationpsymedventures.substack.com
• The Electrostatic Brain: How a Web of Neurons Generates the World-Simulation that is Youqri.org
• Whole Brain Emulation: No Progress on C. elegans After 10 Years — LessWronglesswrong.com
• Could a Neuroscientist Understand a Microprocessor? | PLOS Computational Biologyjournals.plos.org
• [2510.15745] State of Brain Emulation Report 2025arxiv.org
• We Can, Must, and Will Simulate Nematode Brains—Asteriskasteriskmag.com
• Neuroscience is pre-paradigmatic. Consciousness is whytheintrinsicperspective.com
• An underleveraged modality in neuroscience | Abhi Upadhyayaxu.sh