Frontier Systems for the Physical World - by Oliver Hsu

Robot learning, autonomous science, and new interfaces as instances of an emerging paradigm for physical AI

Frontier Systems for the Physical World Robot learning, autonomous science, and new interfaces as instances of an emerging paradigm for physical AI Oliver Hsu Apr 15, 2026 236 18 16 Share America | Tech | Opinion | Culture | Charts The dominant paradigm in AI today, insofar as it is used in production-ready settings, is organized around language and code. The scaling laws governing large language models are well-characterized, the commercial flywheel of data, compute, and algorithmic improvement is spinning, and the returns to incremental capability gains remain large and mostly legible. This

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