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Karl Marx (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

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Karl Marx (1818–1883) is often treated as an activist rather than a philosopher, a revolutionary whose works inspired the foundation of communist regimes in the twentieth century. However—without denying that considerable, if complex, historical impact—Marx was trained academically as a philosopher (with a doctorate in ancient philosophy); he engaged directly with philosophical contemporaries and predecessors (including G.W.F. Hegel); and his extensive writings include many interesting and influential treatments of philosophical subjects. In terms of social and political philosophy, those subject include: Marx’s philosophical anthropology, his theory of history, his economic analysis, his critical engagement with contemporary capitalist society (raising issues about morality and ideology); his account of the modern state; and his prediction of a communist future.

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