Emergent Properties of a Fish School | Journal of Ichthyology

Due to the coordinated reaction of fish to external stimuli and the rapid spread of the excitation wave through a school at a speed much higher than the burst speed of fish (the Trafalgar effect), and the so-called movement flow caused by this, the integrity of a school is preserved and the unity of its behavior is achieved—fast protective maneuvering (f-maneuver and others), a coordinated change in direction of movement, a change in the shape of a school. These emergent (supraorganismal) properties are inherent in the behavior of an entire school and arise on the basis of innate coordinated reactions of individuals that make up the school. The presence of individually acquired experience and developed imitating abilities in fish leads to the formation of a united pool of conditioned reflexes in a school. Fish schools are equipotential, short-term and rapidly changing leading intra-school groupings (collective leaders) appear in them, and there are no permanent leaders that determine t

Emergent Properties of a Fish School Published: 14 December 2023 Volume 63 , pages 1337–1347 ( 2023 ) Cite this article Save article View saved research Journal of Ichthyology Aims and scope Submit manuscript Abstract Due to the coordinated reaction of fish to external stimuli and the rapid spread of the excitation wave through a school at a speed much higher than the burst speed of fish (the Trafalgar effect), and the so-called movement flow caused by this, the integrity of a school is preserved and the unity of its behavior is achieved—fast protective maneuvering ( f -maneuver and others), a

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