crystalcultures
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Statistical power: Penrose (1946) analyzed the voting power of an entity with many votes relative to one with a single vote. In the case where individuals have preferences drawn independently and from identical distributions (iid), one individual with M votes has the same chance of changing the outcome as do M2 individuals together with a single vote each, because, on average, iid voters tend to cancel each other out. Penrose thus argued that delegations should have voting power equal to the square root of the population they represent, a rule approximately implemented in the Nice Treaty that …
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangeNeutrality: A set of widely acceptable formalisms and analytic practices should govern the interaction across social groups/analytic fields (and individuals), such that all have rough consensus that the rules of the game under which they operate do not inherently favor one group/field over another.
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangeThat is, why not imagine knowledge not as a hunt for a single, ultimate and universal truth, but in the spirit of ecology: a gradual evolution of stably coexisting diversity that speciates and complexifies as it develops?
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangeYet in practice, fields and often subfields (and subsubfields!) are usually founded upon premises that are mutually inconsistent. Let me focus on examples of where I have worked in or closely adjacent to the field.
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangeOn the other hand, political ideologies and ethical views that have managed to justify themselves in terms native to a variety of faiths have been critical to the development of contemporary nations and international law.
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangeMost religions, at least in their pure form, claim to be exclusive accounts of fundamental metaphysics. Yet given the diversity of firmly held religious convictions among reasonable civilizations, most successful religions have come to a plural understanding
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangemost will acknowledge that one-person-one-vote can, often does, lead to disastrous outcomes if not tempered by a range of minority protections
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangedirectly proportional one-person-one-vote election
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangefunctional representation, primarily by industry and factor of production, that replaced the national parliament
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangeCorporatist political theory has emphasized pluralism
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangeEpistemic pluralism is a contrast to traditions that seek out unitary, commensurable ways of knowing (most prominently technocracy). It does so by denying that any single rational logic or meritocratic scheme can select for optimal social ordering. Instead, it emphasizes the importance of a diverse range of incommensurable collective entities and cultures of knowledge that intersect and collaborate.
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangeInstitutional pluralism
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangecoherent technological agenda for pluralism
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangeFor those not focused on the development of formal institutions and protocols, many of the principles of pluralism will seem natural and not to require such detailed exposition, analysis, or research.
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChangefellow RadicalxChange board members Danielle Allen, Audrey Tang and Christopher Kulendran Thomas
Why I Am a Pluralist - RadicalxChange