Angela Yang

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pulse oximeters overestimated the oxygen level in Black and Hispanic and Asian patients compared with white patients. This portion of the study replicates prior findings from a few other studies, and replication's very important in scientific research. The second part of the study - we tried to answer a new question. Did the inaccuracy of pulse oximeters potentially change how patients were cared for?
Inaccurate pulse oximeter measurements delayed COVID treatment for people of color : NPR
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health-systems strengthening as “the process of identifying and implementing the changes in policy and practice in a country’s health system, so that the country can respond better to its health and health system challenges.” The WHO’s health-systems framework outlines six key indicators that make for strong health-systems, including service delivery, governance, health workforce, information, medicines, and financing.
Health-Systems Strengthening in the Age of COVID-19 | Think Global Health
causalgia, which is the result of specific nerve damage
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) | Division of Pain Medicine | Stanford Medicine
sympathetic dystrophy, which develops without known nerve damage
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) | Division of Pain Medicine | Stanford Medicine
headache, seizures, altered mental status and visual loss and characterized by white matter vasogenic edema affecting the posterior occipital and parietal lobes of the brain predominantly. This clinical syndrome is increasingly recognized due to improvement and availability of brain imaging specifically magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES) - PMC
Hypertension is the most common manifestation of ADPKD. Microalbuminuria, proteinuria, and hematuria are more common in hypertensive patients with ADPKD.
Polycystic Kidney Disease - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Both CT and MRI are sensitive to detect complicated cysts.
Polycystic Kidney Disease - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
UTI presents as cystitis, acute pyelonephritis, cyst infection, and perinephric abscesses. Most infections are caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Proteus species, and other Enterobacteriaceae.
Polycystic Kidney Disease - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
pain, hematuria, hypertension, and renal impairment. Most clinical manifestations are directly related to the enlargement of renal cysts
Polycystic Kidney Disease - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
multisystem and progressive disease with cysts formation and kidney enlargement along with other organ involvement (e.g., liver, pancreas, spleen).
Polycystic Kidney Disease - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Bisphosphonates that have been approved as the first-line treatment option, secondary to its influence in bone remodeling.
Paget Disease - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Surgery is only offered as an option to patients diagnosed with Paget disease when there is a progression into osteosarcoma.
Paget Disease - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
umbar spine, sacrum, and skull
Paget Disease - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
individuals older than 50 years.
Paget Disease - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
axial skeleton is most often involved (spine, pelvis, and skull).
Paget Disease - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
excess osteoclastic activity followed by a compensatory increase in osteoblastic activity, leading to the formation of disorganized bone, which is less compact, mechanically weaker, highly vascular and more susceptible to fracture. Fortunately, more than 3/4 of patients with Paget disease are asymptomatic. It is the 2nd most common bone disorder in elderly individuals, after osteoporosis.
Paget Disease - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Abdominal MRI /MRCP with IV contrast is as good in the preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cancer and the assessment of vascular invasion. MRI is more sensitive to detect metastatic hepatic disease
Pancreatic Cancer - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
multidetector computed tomography, MDCT, is the best imaging modality to diagnose and evaluate the extent of disease, including perivascular extension and distant metastasis. MDCT is 77% accurate in predicting resectability and 93% accurate in predicting unresectability.
Pancreatic Cancer - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
recent-onset diabetes.
Pancreatic Cancer - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to hypercoagulability
Pancreatic Cancer - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Abdominal pain occurs in about 75% of patients.
Pancreatic Cancer - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Weight loss occurs in about 90% of patients
Pancreatic Cancer - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
adenocarcinoma of pancreas typically present with painless jaundice (70%) usually due to obstruction of the common bile duct from the pancreatic head tumor.
Pancreatic Cancer - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Two-thirds arise in the pancreatic head
Pancreatic Cancer - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
More than 90% of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas are duct cell adenocarcinomas
Pancreatic Cancer - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Surgery is usually reserved for patients who fail medical therapy as early surgical decompression
Ludwig Angina - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
A dental extraction is recommended if the source of the infection is odontogenic
Ludwig Angina - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
The prescription of intravenous steroids is controversial
Ludwig Angina - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics are the first-line treatment once an airway is secure and cultures have been obtained.[4] Antibiotics should cover gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and anaerobes.[1] Ampicillin-sulbactam or clindamycin are the most commonly prescribed antibiotics.
Ludwig Angina - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Flexible fiberoptic nasal intubation is the favored method of intubation
Ludwig Angina - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance is the commonest
Charcot Marie Tooth - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
obstruction of Eustachian tubes causing otitis media with effusion (OME), persistent nasal obstruction, and obstruction of the oropharyngeal airway.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
stage I to stage IVB
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
locoregional lesions as the non-keratinizing variety is highly radiosensitive.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Supraclavicular nodes
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Lymph nodes of the apex of the posterior triangle and the upper jugular
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Intracranial extension
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
nasal obstruction, blood-tinged nasal discharge, and post-nasal drip to denasalization of voice and cacosmia
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
econdary to eustachian tube blockage, i.e., conductive hearing loss, effusions and fullness, and tinnitus
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Non-keratinizing undifferentiated (60% to 65%)
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
ichthyosis vulgaris, allergic rhinitis, and keratosis pilaris
Atopic Dermatitis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
dupilumab, which is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the IL-4 receptor and thus the effect of IL-4 and IL-13.
Atopic Dermatitis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
crisaborole, which exerts its effect by blocking PDE-4
Atopic Dermatitis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Sensitive areas (including the intertriginous areas of the axilla and groin, in addition to the face) may require topical nonsteroidal agents including calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus.
Atopic Dermatitis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Scratching of the skin also stimulates keratinocytes to release inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6.
Atopic Dermatitis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
decreased levels of ceramides, which are sphingolipids in the stratum corneum which play a role in the skin's barrier function and prevent transepidermal water loss.
Atopic Dermatitis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Early-onset atopic dermatitis (birth to 2 years old): most common type
Atopic Dermatitis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
smoking and adult-onset AD.
Atopic Dermatitis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
loss of function mutations of filaggrin (Filament Aggregating Protein), an epidermal protein that is broken down into natural moisturization factor.
Atopic Dermatitis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
one parent is atopic, there is more than a 50% chance that their offspring will develop atopic symptoms. If both parents are affected, up to 80% of offspring will be affected.
Atopic Dermatitis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf