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How Codex Happened

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Inside OpenAI’s comeback, by Dan Shipper.

I can remember exactly when I began to think that OpenAI would lose the mandate of heaven—the seemingly insurmountable lead they had built in AI coding since ChatGPT originally took off. I was in their Mission Bay office, in the summer of 2025, the night before the launch of GPT-5. There was a certain buzz to the building. The overhead lights burned like stage lights, and people seemed to walk the warm rusts and browns of its halls just a little faster than usual. Even the gravity felt heavier—as if the sheer size of the following day’s launch had drawn the rest of the world into its orbit.…

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