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Human papillomavirus vaccination - UpToDate

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Human papillomavirus vaccination INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted pathogen that causes anogenital and oropharyngeal disease in males and females. Persistent viral infection with high-risk HPV genotypes causes virtually all cancers of the cervix. The high-risk HPV genotypes (or "types") 16 and 18 cause approximately 70 percent of all cervical cancers worldwide, and types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 cause an additional 20 percent, with nonvaccine high-risk types 35, 39, 51, 56, 59, and 68 causing almost all of the remaining 10 percent. HPV types 16 and 18 also…

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