A Symbiotic View of Life: We Have Never Been Individuals | The Quarterly Review of Biology: Vol 87, No 4
Department of Biology, Swarthmore College Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081 USA Biotechnology Institute, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki, Finlandsgilber1@swarthmore.edu Search for more articles by this author Department of Biology, York University Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canadajsapp@yorku.ca Search for more articles by this author Department of Philosophy, Boston University Boston, Massachusetts 02215 USAait@bu.edu Search for more articles by this author Search for more articles by this author Search for more articles by this author The notion of the “biological individual” is crucial to studies of genetics, immunology, evolution, development, anatomy, and physiology. Each of these biological subdisciplines has a specific conception of individuality, which has historically provided conceptual contexts for integrating newly acquired data. During the past decade, nucleic acid analysis, especially gen
Previous article Next article Open Access A Symbiotic View of Life: We Have Never Been Individuals Scott F. Gilbert , Jan Sapp , and Alfred I. Tauber , Handling Editor James D. Thomson , and Associate Editor Stephen C. Stearns Scott F. Gilbert Department of Biology, Swarthmore College Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081 USA Biotechnology Institute, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki, Finland [email protected] Search for more articles by this author , Jan Sapp Department of Biology, York University Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada [email protected] Search for more articles by this author
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