Guelphs and Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines ( GWELFS ... GHIB-il-ynze, US also -eenz, -inz; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡibelˈliːni, -fj e -]) were factions supporting the pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
Guelphs and Ghibellines - Wikipedia Jump to content From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Rival political factions in medieval Italy {{cite book|language=it|last=Ippolito|first=Antonio Menniti|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/guelfi-e-ghibellini_%28Enciclopedia-dei-ragazzi%29/|title=Guelfi e Ghibellini|editor=Treccani|date=2005}}</ref><br />1216{{ndash}}1392 (second phase)<ref>{{harvnb|Faini|2006|pages=7–36}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Jacques|first=Tony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3amnMPTPP5MC|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A–E|editor=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|d
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