flâneur

Ethica

ethica.hariharprasad.com · 10,505 words · saved by 1 readers

BARUCH SPINOZA · 1677 English translation by R. H. M. Elwes. I Axiom 1 None

I Axiom 1 A1: Whatever is, is either in itself or in another. I Axiom 2 A2: What cannot be conceived through another, must be conceived through itself. I Axiom 3 A3: From a given determinate cause the effect follows necessarily; and conversely, if there is no determinate cause, it is impossible for an effect to follow. I Axiom 4 A4: The knowledge of an effect depends on, and involves, the knowledge of its cause. I Axiom 5 A5: Things that have nothing in common with one another also cannot be understood through one another, or the concept of the one does not involve the concept of…

saved by

related reading