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What the History of 'Spirit Photography' Portends for the Future of Deepfake Videos | Innovation | Smithsonian Magazine

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Today’s video hoaxes can be downright ugly. But image-makers have been fooling viewers from the beginning

Illustration by Kotryna Zukauskaite Two years ago, Noelle Martin discovered someone had made a “deepfake” video about her. Martin is a 26-year-old Australian law graduate who has lobbied governments and corporations to take action against the online harassment of women. Now, someone on the internet had decided to attack her via a technique that uses artificial intelligence to swap one person’s face onto another’s body. Experts studying this phenomenon have found that well over 90 percent of deepfake videos involve faces swapped into pornographic scenes—the vast majority being women, most often

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