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6.4 Bone Formation and Development – Anatomy & Physiology

open.oregonstate.education · 3,036 words · saved by 1 readers

In the early stages of embryonic development, the embryo’s skeleton consists of fibrous membranes and hyaline cartilage. By the sixth or seventh week of embryonic life, the actual process of bone development, ossification (osteogenesis), begins. There are two osteogenic pathways—intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification—but in the end, mature bone is the same regardless of the pathway that produces it. During intramembranous ossification, compact and spongy bone develops directly from sheets of mesenchymal (undifferentiated) connective tissue. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles (collarbones) are formed via intramembranous ossification. The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and begin to differentiate into specialized cells (Figure 6.4.1a). Some of these cells will differentiate into capillaries, while others will become osteogenic cells and then osteoblasts. Although they will ultimately

6.4 Bone Formation and Development – Anatomy & Physiology 2e Skip to content By the end of this section, you will be able to: List the steps of intramembranous ossification Explain the role of cartilage in bone formation List the steps of endochondral ossification Explain the growth activity at the epiphyseal plate Explain how bones remodel overtime Compare and contrast the processes of intramembranous and endochondral bone formation Compare and contrast the interstitial and appositional growth In the early stages of embryonic development, the embryo’s skeleton consists of fibrous membra

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