Ukraine's demographic future - by Noah Carl

Since Russia’s invasion began, there’s been no shortage of images of the physical destruction it has wrought: collapsed bridges, crumbling churches, street after street of burnt out buildings. The World Bank estimates that reconstruction costs may reach $349 billion. And that figure was published back in September, before the attacks on Ukraine’s critical infrastructure really got going. (To put it into context, Ukraine’s pre-war GDP was around $200 billion.)