From preparation to function: An updated review on hazelnut bioactive peptides and research prospects - ScienceDirect

Fig. 1. (a) The main nutritional components of hazelnuts. (b) Visualization of research orientation for hazelnut protein from 2015 to 2025 (visualized by web of science, accessed on Sep 2025). (c) Co-occurrence network of keywords in bibliographic data from 2015 to 2025 (visualized by VOSviewer software). Fig. 2. (a) Protein fractions (AE-IP: Alkaline Extraction-Isoelectric Precipitation). (b) Amino acid profile (ND: Not detected, data obtained from Sen et al.’s study). (c) Bioactive peptide sequences found in hazelnut albumin 2S protein. (d) Bioactive potential of hazelnut protein identified from NCBI, accessed on May 2025. Fig. 3. Conventional and in silico approaches in preparing hazelnut bioactive peptides. Table 1. Hazelnut derived bioactive peptides. Table 2. Main tools and databases for protein and peptide bioinformatics analysis(last time accessed on Jan 2026). Table 3. Biological activities of hazelnut protein hydrolysates/peptides. Fig. 4. The biological activities of hazelnu

Fig. 1. (a) The main nutritional components of hazelnuts. (b) Visualization of research orientation for hazelnut protein from 2015 to 2025 (visualized by web of science, accessed on Sep 2025). (c) Co-occurrence network of keywords in bibliographic data from 2015 to 2025 (visualized by VOSviewer software). Fig. 2. (a) Protein fractions (AE-IP: Alkaline Extraction-Isoelectric Precipitation). (b) Amino acid profile (ND: Not detected, data obtained from Sen et al.’s study). (c) Bioactive peptide sequences found in hazelnut albumin 2S protein. (d) Bioactive potential of hazelnut protein identified