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Putting the zk in zkVM: Jolt now supports zero knowledge - a16z crypto

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Jolt — our open-source, state-of-the-art zkVM — now supports zero knowledge, rendering it suitable for privacy applications. This advance does not require any SNARK recursion or “wrapping,” nor does it sacrifice transparency. And perhaps most surprisingly, proof size increased by only 3KB, with essentially no increase in prover time. This post explains how. But first, a note on terminology: Most zkVMs are not actually zero knowledge — unless an expensive “wrapping” procedure is applied. (Most people have been using “zk” to refer to the property of succinctness, which refers to proofs that are short and fast to verify.) This wrapping typically involves recursively proving the verification of the zkVM proof inside another proof system that is ZK, which is both computationally costly and often requires giving up transparency (i.e., it introduces a trusted setup). As the community’s focus on privacy grows — requiring true zero knowledge, which is about privacy of the prover’s sensitive dat

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