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Up and Down the Ladder of Abstraction

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"In science, if you know what you are doing, you should not be doing it. In engineering, if you do not know what you are doing, you should not be doing it. Of course, you seldom, if ever, see either pure state."

Up and Down the Ladder of Abstraction Up and Down the Ladder of Abstraction A Systematic Approach to Interactive Visualization Bret Victor / October, 2011 "In science, if you know what you are doing, you should not be doing it. In engineering, if you do not know what you are doing, you should not be doing it. Of course, you seldom, if ever, see either pure state." -Richard Hamming, The Art of Doing Science and Engineering How can we design systems when we don't know what we're doing? The most exciting engineering challenges lie on the boundary of theory and the unknown . Not so unknown that th

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