A Turing test of whether AI chatbots are behaviorally similar to humans | PNAS

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Export the article citation data by selecting a format from the list below and clicking Export. Download this article as a PDF file. View this article with eReader. https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2313925121 Copied! Copying failed. Copyright © 2025 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. | Online ISSN 1091-6490 PNAS is a partner of CHORUS, CLOCKSS, COPE, CrossRef, ORCID, and Research4Life. Can't sign in? Forgot your username? Enter your email address below and we will send you your username If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instruct