SMSPROTECT: An automatic smishing detection mobile application - ScienceDirect

Also, ensemble tree classification models can adapt and work well with high-dimensional feature spaces, unlike single tree classification models that only work well with low-dimensional feature spaces. Ensemble tree classification models carefully select the most useful features at each split and can circumvent the splitting constraint and solve the issue in fewer dimensions [7,57–59]. RF, CS-Forest, SysFor, and LADTree are prime examples of ensemble tree classification algorithms and are utilized in this research work as ensemble tree classification models. In 2022, the daily volume of emails sent and received will reach an estimated 333.3 billion. Various types of spam abound within this massive influx of emails, including advertisements, chain letters, phishing attempts, hoaxes, monetary scams, malware alerts, and adult content [3]. Marketing and advertising emails are the most prevalent spam, constituting approximately 36%. All content on this site: Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V.,

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