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Biomimetic 4D printing | Nature Materials

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Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Advertisement Nature Materials volume 15, pages 413–418 (2016)Cite this article 83k Accesses 2176 Citations 284 Altmetric Metrics details Shape-morphing systems can be found in many areas, including smart textiles1, autonomous robotics2, biomedical devices3, drug delivery4 and tissue engineering5. The natural analogues of such systems are exemplified by nastic plant motions, where a variety of organs such as tendrils, bracts, leaves and flowers respond to environmental stimuli (such as humidity, light or touch) by varying internal turgor, which leads to dynamic conformations governed by the tissue composition and micros

Subjects Engineering Gels and hydrogels Abstract Shape-morphing systems can be found in many areas, including smart textiles 1 , autonomous robotics 2 , biomedical devices 3 , drug delivery 4 and tissue engineering 5 . The natural analogues of such systems are exemplified by nastic plant motions, where a variety of organs such as tendrils, bracts, leaves and flowers respond to environmental stimuli (such as humidity, light or touch) by varying internal turgor, which leads to dynamic conformations governed by the tissue composition and microstructural anisotropy of cell walls 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10

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