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Mathematicians in the Age of AI1footnote 11footnote 1I am grateful to Johan Commelin, Sidharth Hariharan, Bryna Kra, Emily Riehl, and Akshay Venkatesh for comments, corrections, and suggestions.

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Recent developments show that AI can prove research-level theorems in mathematics, both formally and informally. This essay urges mathematicians to stay up-to-date with the technology, to consider the ways it will disrupt mathematical practice, and to respond appropriately to the challenges and opportunities we now face. This past year was not an easy one for the U.S. National Science Foundation, but last fall it managed to launch the Institute for Computer-Aided Reasoning in Mathematics (ICARM), even as the budgets of all its sister institutes were being cut. The institute’s mission is to support the adoption of new reasoning technologies in mathematics, many of them involving neural and symbolic AI. As director, I have given several variants of a talk titled “Mathematics in the Age of AI,” in which I survey the new technologies, including formalization and proof assistants, symbolic AI and automated reasoning, and machine learning and neural networks. These technologies are distinct,

Mathematicians in the Age of AI 1 1 1 I am grateful to Johan Commelin, Sidharth Hariharan, Bryna Kra, Emily Riehl, and Akshay Venkatesh for comments, corrections, and suggestions. Jeremy Avigad (March 3, 2026) Abstract Recent developments show that AI can prove research-level theorems in mathematics, both formally and informally. This essay urges mathematicians to stay up-to-date with the technology, to consider the ways it will disrupt mathematical practice, and to respond appropriately to the challenges and opportunities we now face. 1 Background This past year was not an easy one for the U.

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