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Magic | Definition, Types, History, & Facts | Britannica

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magic, a concept used to describe a mode of rationality or way of thinking that looks to invisible forces to influence events, effect change in material conditions, or present the illusion of change. Within the Western tradition, this way of thinking is distinct from religious or scientific modes; however, such distinctions and even the definition of magic are subject to wide debate. Practices classified as magic include divination, astrology, incantations, alchemy, sorcery, spirit mediation, and necromancy. The term magic is also used colloquially in Western popular culture to refer to acts of conjuring and sleight of hand for entertainment. The purpose of magic is to acquire knowledge, power, love, or wealth; to heal or ward off illness or danger; to guarantee productivity or success in an endeavour; to cause harm to an enemy; to reveal information; to induce spiritual transformation; to trick; or to entertain. The effectiveness of magic is often determined by the condition and perfo

magic Introduction Nature and scope Elements of magic Spells Material Rites and condition of the performer Functions Definitional issues: magic, religion, and science Magic and religion Magic and science Subcategories of magic Conceptual history History of magic in Western worldviews Ancient Mediterranean world Medieval Europe Late medieval and early modern Europe European traditions and the modern world Globalization of the magic concept World cultures Postcolonial points of views History of magic theories Foundations Sociological theories Psychological theories Comparative religions Postmode

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