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Appendix 1. The Scientific Basis of EEG: Neurophysiology of EEG Generation in the Brain - Electroencephalography (EEG): An Introductory Text and Atlas of Normal and Abnormal Findings in Adults, Children, and Infants - NCBI Bookshelf

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The electrical activity measured by scalp EEG recordings is generated by similarly oriented groups of cerebral cortical neurons near the scalp where the recording electrodes are placed. Each scalp electrode collects, at a minimum, an estimated 6 cm2 synchronous cortical activity. The majority of the electrical activity collected in the EEG is generated by groups of pyramidal neurons. These cells have cell bodies primarily in layers three and five of the cerebral cortex. The electrical activity recorded on the scalp represents the summation of the inhibitory or excitatory postsynaptic potentials (not action potentials—action potentials are too short to be recordable) from thousands of pyramidal cells near each recording electrode. This summated activity can be represented as a field with positive and negative poles (dipole). The dipole vector, or direction of energy flow, is parallel to the orientation of the pyramidal cells generating the activity. Negative dipoles are maximally sensed when they are perpendicular to and heading directly into a recording electrode position. In this case, the positive end of the dipole is subcortical and can be recorded only with depth electrodes. If the electrical source is in a fissure, the dipole can be tangent or parallel.

Appendix 1. The Scientific Basis of EEG: Neurophysiology of EEG Generation in the Brain - Electroencephalography (EEG): An Introductory Text and Atlas of Normal and Abnormal Findings in Adults, Children, and Infants - NCBI Bookshelf The .gov means it's official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI

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