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The importance of full-stack openness and verifiability

vitalik.eth.limo · 4,800 words · saved by 3 readers

Special thanks to Ahmed Ghappour, bunnie, Daniel Genkin, Graham Liu, Michael Gao, mlsudo, Tim Ansell, Quintus Kilbourn, Tina Zhen, Balvi volunteers and GrapheneOS developers for feedback and discussion. Perhaps the biggest trend of this century so far can be summarized by the phrase "the internet has become real life". It started with email and instant messaging. Private conversations that for millennia past were done with mouths, ears, pen and paper, now run on digital infrastructure. Then, we got digital finance - both crypto finance, and digitization of traditional finance itself. Then, our health: thanks to smartphones, personal health tracking watches, and data inferred from purchases, all kinds of information about our own bodies is being processed through computers and computer networks. Over the next twenty years, I expect this trend to take over all kinds of other domains, including various government processes (eventually even voting), monitoring of the public environment for

Dark Mode Toggle The importance of full-stack openness and verifiability 2025 Sep 24 See all posts The importance of full-stack openness and verifiability Special thanks to Ahmed Ghappour, bunnie, Daniel Genkin, Graham Liu, Michael Gao, mlsudo, Tim Ansell, Quintus Kilbourn, Tina Zhen, Balvi volunteers and GrapheneOS developers for feedback and discussion. Perhaps the biggest trend of this century so far can be summarized by the phrase "the internet has become real life". It started with email and instant messaging. Private conversations that for millennia past were done with mouths, ears, pen

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