Recent structural insights into the expanding world of carbohydrate-active enzymes - ScienceDirect
Figure 1. The world of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Many classes of enzymes are active in the formation, modification and breakdown of glycosides. For the purposes of this review, we consider glycoside hydrolases, which are responsible for the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, and whose action can result in net retention or inversion of the configuration of the anomeric carbon; glycosyltransferases, which use the energy derived from activated sugar donors to drive glycosidic bond synthesis (typically the activating group is a nucleotide or lipid-phosphate); carbohydrate esterases/deacetylases, which perform the de-O and de-N acetylation of acetylated sugars; and polysaccharide lyases (not discussed in this review), which catalyse the β-elimination reaction on uronic acid glycosides. Figure 2. Rapidly expanding genome sequence information provides a wealth of carbohydrate-active enzyme sequences. (a) As of September 2005, over 280 organisms have had their genome fully sequenced, with t
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