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The Cathedral and the Bazaar

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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the Open Publication License, version 2.0. $Date: 2002/08/02 09:02:14 $ Abstract I anatomize a successful open-source project, fetchmail, that was run as a deliberate test of the surprising theories about software engineering suggested by the history of Linux. I discuss these theories in terms of two fundamentally different development styles, the ``cathedral'' model of most of the commercial world versus the ``bazaar'' model of the Linux world. I show that these models derive from opposing assumptions about the nature of the software-debugging task. I then make a sustained argument from the Linux experience for the proposition that ``Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow'', suggest productive analogies with other self-correcting systems of selfish agents, and conclude with some exploration of the implications of this insight for the future of software. Table of Contents Linux is subversive.

The Cathedral and the Bazaar The Cathedral and the Bazaar � � � Next The Cathedral and the Bazaar Eric Steven Raymond Thyrsus Enterprises < esr@thyrsus.com > This is version 3.0 Copyright � 2000 Eric S. Raymond Copyright Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the Open Publication License, version 2.0. $Date: 2002/08/02 09:02:14 $ Revision History Revision 1.57 11 September 2000 esr New major section ``How Many Eyeballs Tame Complexity''. Revision 1.52 28 August 2000 esr MATLAB is a reinforcing parallel to Emacs. Corbato� & Vyssotsky got it in 1

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