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Running from Death: Can Fitness Outpace Alcohol’s Harm? Changes in Alcohol Intake, Fitness and All-Cause Mortality in the HUNT Study, Norway | Sports Medicine

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There is no safe lower limit for alcohol intake, and even small amounts increase the risk of premature mortality. It is not known whether a change in cardiorespiratory fitness can modify the association between a change in alcohol intake and mortality. We analysed data of the healthy adults from the second (HUNT2; 1995–7) and third (HUNT3; 2006–8) surveys of the population-based Trøndelag Health Study, Norway. Alcohol intake at HUNT2 and HUNT3 was divided into three groups: abstainers, within recommendations (≤ 140 g/week for men, ≤ 70 g/week for women) or above recommendations (> 140 g/week for men, > 70 g/week for women). Using a validated non-exercise prediction equation, we classified participants into two sex- and age-specific fitness groups (unfit: 20% least fit; fit: 80% most fit) at both HUNT2 and HUNT3. Using multi-variable-adjusted Cox analyses, adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for an association between all-cause mortality and a

Running from Death: Can Fitness Outpace Alcohol’s Harm? Changes in Alcohol Intake, Fitness and All-Cause Mortality in the HUNT Study, Norway Original Research Article Open access Published: 09 December 2025 Volume 56 , pages 1023–1033 ( 2026 ) Cite this article You have full access to this open access article Download PDF Save article View saved research Sports Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript Running from Death: Can Fitness Outpace Alcohol’s Harm? Changes in Alcohol Intake, Fitness and All-Cause Mortality in the HUNT Study, Norway Download PDF Abstract Background There is no safe low

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