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Synchronization (The Java™ Tutorials > Essential Java Classes > Concurrency)

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The Java Tutorials have been written for JDK 8. Examples and practices described in this page don't take advantage of improvements introduced in later releases and might use technology no longer available. See Java Language Changes for a summary of updated language features in Java SE 9 and subsequent releases. See JDK Release Notes for information about new features, enhancements, and removed or deprecated options for all JDK releases. Threads communicate primarily by sharing access to fields and the objects reference fields refer to. This form of communication is extremely efficient, but makes two kinds of errors possible: thread interference and memory consistency errors. The tool needed to prevent these errors is synchronization. However, synchronization can introduce thread contention, which occurs when two or more threads try to access the same resource simultaneously and cause the Java runtime to execute one or more threads more slowly, or even suspend their execution. Starvatio

Synchronization (The Java™ Tutorials > Essential Java Classes > Concurrency) Documentation The Java™ Tutorials External Link --> Hide TOC Concurrency Processes and Threads Thread Objects Defining and Starting a Thread Pausing Execution with Sleep Interrupts Joins The SimpleThreads Example Synchronization Thread Interference Memory Consistency Errors Synchronized Methods Intrinsic Locks and Synchronization Atomic Access Liveness Deadlock Starvation and Livelock Guarded Blocks Immutable Objects A Synchronized Class Example A Strategy for Defining Immutable Objects High Level Concurre

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