Chronic kidney disease (newly identified): Clinical presentation and diagnostic approach in adults - UpToDate

INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by the presence of kidney damage or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for three or more months, irrespective of the cause (table 1) [1]. This three-month duration distinguishes chronic from acute kidney disease. Additional details on the definitions and staging are presented at length elsewhere. (See "Definition and staging of chronic kidney disease in adults" and "Definition and staging criteria of acute kidney injury in adults".) For patients being evaluated for elevated serum creatinine or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), it is important to distinguish those who have relatively stable CKD from those who have acute or subacute kidney injury, which may be ongoing and reversible. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by a rise in the serum creatinine level that has developed within hours to days (table 2). Subacute kidney injury (also called acute kidney disease) informally refers to any decline in kidney

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