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Indistinguishable particles

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In quantum mechanics, indistinguishable particles (also called identical or indiscernible particles) are particles that cannot be distinguished from one another, even in principle. Species of identical particles include, but are not limited to, elementary particles (such as electrons), composite subatomic particles (such as atomic nuclei), as well as atoms and molecules. Although all known indistinguishable particles only exist at the quantum scale, there is no exhaustive list of all possible sorts of particles nor a clear-cut limit of applicability, as explored in quantum statistics. They were first discussed by Werner Heisenberg and Paul Dirac in 1926.

Indistinguishable particles - Wikipedia Jump to content From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Concept in quantum mechanics of perfectly substitutable particles This article needs more citations . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . Find sources: "Indistinguishable particles" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( September 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Statistical mechanics Thermodynamics Kinetic theory Particle statistics Spin–statistics theorem Indistinguishable particles

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