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Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prognosis of ulcerative colitis in adults - UpToDate

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INTRODUCTION Ulcerative colitis is characterized by recurring episodes of inflammation limited to the mucosal layer of the colon. It commonly involves the rectum and may extend in a proximal and continuous fashion to involve other parts of the colon. This topic will review the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and natural history of ulcerative colitis. The definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of ulcerative colitis are discussed in detail, separately. (See "Definitions, epidemiology, and risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease" and "Medical management of low-risk adult patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis" and "Management of the hospitalized adult patient with severe ulcerative colitis" and "Management of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis in adults".) CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Colitis — Patients with ulcerative colitis usually present with diarrhea, which may be associated with blood. Bowel movements are frequent and small in volume as a result of r

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